Excavations at Rhynie 2014

by Cathy MacIver (Rhynie Community Archaeologist, CMS Archaeology)

Earlier in September the Village Square in Rhynie, Aberdeenshire was a bustling hive of activity. Archaeologists, artists and locals got together for a week-long celebration of heritage and hospitality during the Art and Artefact Project (funded by HLF). This project was a collaboration between Dr Gordon Noble (University of Aberdeen) and Rhynie Woman, a local artists collective. The project capitalised on the research and fieldwork undertaken in and around Rhynie since 2005 by Gordon (Aberdeen) and Meggen (Chester) as part of the Rhynie Environs Archaeology Project (REAP). This work looked at the Craw Stane, the site of an in situ Pictish Symbol Stone and associated high status settlement as well as nearby square barrows with high status burials, including a female stone lined cist burial.

Following on from the success of the Pop-up Pictish café run by Daisy and Debbie during the 2013 season the Rhynie Woman collective applied for funding for a weeklong event in 2014. The project consisted of: a variety of art workshops; a Curiosity Café, displaying art created in and of the village; a programme of excavation to explore the Pictish past in Rhynie itself; an ever welcome stream of home baking and meals and hospitality for the archaeologists staying in Rhynie.

The archaeological side of the project consisted of a transect of 1 by 1m or 2 by 2m test pit excavations between the Village Square and the Surgery. This was to explore the find spots and concentrations of activity marked on the old OS map from 1866. This map marked the location of several symbol stones, human remains and an urn which had been discovered when the current main road was put through Rhynie. In addition to the Craw Stane, which is still in its original position to the south of the village, many other Pictish symbol stones have been found in and around Rhynie and are on display. We hoped to investigate the context for some of these stones in the area we were digging.

Craw Stone, Rhynie

Our initial test pits in the Village Green and nearby gardens produced a lot of material from the 19^th century (pottery, an old track, a couple of possible structures and a hard packed surface that was probably the original square surface). The depth of material covering these deposits suggests that the green has been used over a long period and several attempts to level the area have been made by the introduction and spreading of material.

The excitement started to build a couple of days into the project. By this time we had opened several test pits in gardens further to the south nearer the stone findspots. One test pit contained a large post or stone hole (possibly the socket for one of our stones??). This hole was surrounded by a low, rough cobbled structure foundation, possibly the base for a turf built wall. Another test pit in a neighbouring garden uncovered the remains of cairn material. This could be linked to the cairn reputed to have been at the site of one of the symbol stones. A quick glance over the wall showed a freshly harvested field and the rest of the low natural rise we were situated on, flat, open, inviting……

Pit with low wall at Rhynie

Flattened cairn material, Rhynie

A very early next morning saw Gordon and I sitting on this wall directing a digger to open up another test pit. It was slightly larger than average at 20m by 10m. Things in Rhynie had just got serious!

Very quickly it became apparent we had archaeology in the mega test pit. A round ring ditch was tentatively identified as a possible round barrow, smaller charcoal rich features as possible pits. A couple of days of cleaning, identification, excavation and recording later and we had confirmed the presence of a round barrow (with no central grave) and a series of charcoal rich shallow pits. The fact that the pits were very shallow and the barrow ditch was only 20cm deep means we are possibly looking at a seriously truncated site due to repetitive ploughing. The lack of central grave cut could possibly be explained if the barrow is prehistoric rather than Pictish. With no finds from the site it is impossible to pin down the date at this stage but we hope to carbon date the cairn and some of the pits using charcoal found at the base of the feature.

Round Barrow at Rhynie

It was a great week involving community volunteers, archaeology students and the local school (nursery class to P7) visiting the site to dig and sieve for finds. Thanks to everyone who came along to help out on site or to visit and to Steve and Dawn, archaeologists from Northlight Heritage. We are grateful to the community of Rhynie who let us dig up their gardens, the Beverlys for letting us dig up their field and to Daisy, Debbie and Hayley at Rhynie Woman for the hospitality and all the cake!

More results on this season of the project to follow as we get them….in the meantime check out the Rhynie Woman facebook page and the REAP blog for past excavation info.

Volunteer sievers, Rhynie

Rhynie 2014 was featured on the BBC4 TV Programme Digging for Britain in February 2015, along with the Pictish silver hoard found in Gaulcross, Aberdeenshire that year by the same team.